Well, what happens if you restore your backup on some cheap $5 VPS from say hetzner?
Does it work as expected?
If it does not, try to restore from a -earlier- backup. And keep doing this until you find one that works.
At which point my assumption would be something in the backup corrupted during your hardware issues early on.
To clarify how are you restoring your backups and when you backed up your mailcow instance did you backup all?
You are restoring backups from the mailcow backup script and not ZFS snapshots, correct?