Thanks ETNyx! I ran some more tests, since curl wasn’t working, and I found a way to unban the IP:
root@mail:~# iptables -L MAILCOW -n –line-numbers | grep 83.25.4.100
1 DROP 0 – 83.25.4.100 0.0.0.0/0
root@mail:~# iptables -D MAILCOW 1
However, it remains visible in the admin panel (fail2ban parameters). Any suggestions on how to hide it? I’ve tried various solutions, but nothing works.