How exactly did you connect your account with Outlook? I use ActiveSync, there it works as intended.
I just enabled debug logging in rspamd like described in https://community.mailcow.email/d/3482-debug-rspamd-not-training-with-inbox-junk-transitions/6 and moved a SPAM mail from Junk to my Inbox. rspamd logged it as
rspamd-mailcow-1 | 2024-09-27 17:29:38 #38(controller) <86aa9c>; bayes; bayes_learn_spam: token 9851794553962298747 <#h:C-T:multipart/alternative; boundary="cIPN7pci1u9SLM03WPoPD=_jAYrIggUswE":#m:#mpth>: window: 1, total_count: 1, spam_count: 0, ham_count: 1
rspamd-mailcow-1 | 2024-09-27 17:29:38 #38(controller) <86aa9c>; bayes; bayes_learn_spam: token 6463352648909517147 <#F:Versand:#h:C-T:multipart/alternative; boundary="cIPN7pci1u9SLM03WPoPD=_jAYrIggUswE">: window: 1, total_count: 1, spam_count: 0, ham_count: 1
rspamd-mailcow-1 | 2024-09-27 17:29:38 #38(controller) <86aa9c>; bayes; bayes_learn_spam: token 10668326775548025847 <#u:neuheiten.nl:#F:Versand>: window: 1, total_count: 1, spam_count: 0, ham_count: 1
rspamd-mailcow-1 | 2024-09-27 17:29:38 #38(controller) <86aa9c>; bayes; bayes_learn_spam: token 14426626996836589832 <#dt:4:07:#u:neuheiten.nl>: window: 1, total_count: 1, spam_count: 0, ham_count: 1
rspamd-mailcow-1 | 2024-09-27 17:29:38 #38(controller) <86aa9c>; bayes; bayes_learn_spam: token 13963418669235991226 <#aur:s=pass,d=pass:bionovanutriments.com:#dt:4:07>: window: 1, total_count: 1, spam_count: 0, ham_count: 1
spam_count: 0, ham_count: 1
then I moved it back to Junk:
rspamd-mailcow-1 | 2024-09-27 17:30:35 #38(controller) <56e171>; bayes; bayes_learn_spam: token 9851794553962298747 <#h:C-T:multipart/alternative; boundary="cIPN7pci1u9SLM03WPoPD=_jAYrIggUswE":#m:#mpth>: window: 1, total_count: 0, spam_count: 1, ham_count: -1
rspamd-mailcow-1 | 2024-09-27 17:30:35 #38(controller) <56e171>; bayes; bayes_learn_spam: token 6463352648909517147 <#F:Versand:#h:C-T:multipart/alternative; boundary="cIPN7pci1u9SLM03WPoPD=_jAYrIggUswE">: window: 1, total_count: 0, spam_count: 1, ham_count: -1
rspamd-mailcow-1 | 2024-09-27 17:30:35 #38(controller) <56e171>; bayes; bayes_learn_spam: token 10668326775548025847 <#u:neuheiten.nl:#F:Versand>: window: 1, total_count: 0, spam_count: 1, ham_count: -1
rspamd-mailcow-1 | 2024-09-27 17:30:35 #38(controller) <56e171>; bayes; bayes_learn_spam: token 14426626996836589832 <#dt:4:07:#u:neuheiten.nl>: window: 1, total_count: 0, spam_count: 1, ham_count: -1
rspamd-mailcow-1 | 2024-09-27 17:30:35 #38(controller) <56e171>; bayes; bayes_learn_spam: token 13963418669235991226 <#aur:s=pass,d=pass:bionovanutriments.com:#dt:4:07>: window: 1, total_count: 0, spam_count: 1, ham_count: -1
spam_count: 1, ham_count: -1